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Drought, Chile's worst enemy
Drought
A climatic phenomenon characterized by the lack of precipitation in a given place for a prolonged period of time. Among its consequences are desertification and hydrological lows (low flows and groundwater).
Where is Chile?
Chile is a South American country, which is known for its variety of climates in its territory, from the arid Atacama Desert to the subpolar Arctic, in areas close to Antarctica. It also has a variety of priceless landscapes, such as the seventh wonder of the world, the Torres del Paine.
Why is it called Mega drought?
Mega drought, is a term given in the Report to the Nation "The 2010-2015 mega drought: A lesson for the future" made by the Center for Climate Science and Resilience (CR)2. In the words of one of those involved it is: "a precipitation deficit unprecedented in the last millennium in Chile, due to its large temporal and territorial extension" (Garreaud, 2017), according to them this drought has no analogues.
Factors that aggravate drought
One of the major factors related to droughts is the increase in temperatures, which, as can be seen in the attached video, have increased significantly at a global level, increasing evaporation levels and limiting water resources.
The Niña
A natural phenomenon characterized by the alternation between three and seven years of colder (La Niña) or warmer (El Niño) tropical Pacific Ocean temperatures.
Pacific Decadal Oscillation
Natural phenomenon, similar to ENSO, but with both cold and warm phases, of greater durability.
Anticyclones
"Large area of the atmosphere in which air descends and rotates counterclockwise" (Vicencio, 2018).
Climate Change
Approximately 25% of the megadrought is caused by anthropogenic (human) factors. Main incidence is GHG.